Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Multi-omics analyses of evolved Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants reveal the molecular responses to formaldehyde stress

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.01.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Improving the tolerance to formaldehyde via ALE. (A) Growth of FM-1 in minimal medium with 10 g/L glucose and different formaldehyde concentrations. 0 mM (square), 0.5 mM (triangle), 0.8 mM (circle), and 1 mM (inverted triangle). (B) ALE procedure of culture-1 in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with different formaldehyde concentrations and 10 g/L glucose. (C) Growth curve of the evolved mutants in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose and 0.8 mM formaldehyde. (D) Growth curve of evolved mutant in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose and 1.6 mM formaldehyde. (E) Growth curve of evolved mutant in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose. (F) Formaldehyde degradation during cell growth of wild-type C. glutamicum ATCC 13032, FM-1 and FM-3. Values and error bars reflect the mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (N = 3).

Article Snippet: To assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 lacking the formaldehyde dissimilation pathway, we cultivated a previously developed C. glutamicum FM-1 strain ( C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Δ adhE Δ ald ), which was referred to as MX-1 in our previous study [ ], in CGXII medium supplemented with various concentrations of formaldehyde ( A).

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Multi-omics analyses of evolved Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants reveal the molecular responses to formaldehyde stress

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.01.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of single-site mutations on formaldehyde tolerance. (A) Frequency of mutations of four bases in evolved strain FM-3. (B) Growth of strain FM-1 and its derivatives harboring single-site mutations on CGXII minimal agar medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose and 1 mM formaldehyde. (C) Growth curves of strain FM-1 and its derivatives in CGXII medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose and 0.8 mM formaldehyde. Values and error bars reflect the mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (N = 3). Statistical significance at 31 h between FM-1- cgl1199 1015−1032del and FM-1 was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student's t -test: ∗∗∗P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 lacking the formaldehyde dissimilation pathway, we cultivated a previously developed C. glutamicum FM-1 strain ( C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Δ adhE Δ ald ), which was referred to as MX-1 in our previous study [ ], in CGXII medium supplemented with various concentrations of formaldehyde ( A).

Techniques: Two Tailed Test

Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Multi-omics analyses of evolved Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants reveal the molecular responses to formaldehyde stress

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.01.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Transcriptome analysis of FM-3 and FM-1 cultivated with or without formaldehyde stress. (A) Volcano plots of differential transcription levels in 1F vs. 1N, 3F vs. 3N, 3N vs. 1N, and 3F vs. 1F. (B) Changes in mRNA levels of genes involved in central metabolism and the respiratory chain between FM-3 and FM-1. Only significant changes (log 2 (fold change) ≥1 or ≤ −1, FDR≤0.05) are shown. Upregulated and downregulated genes are indicated with red and blue, respectively. 1F, FM-1 cultivated with formaldehyde stress. 1N, FM-1 cultivated without formaldehyde stress. 3F, FM-3 cultivated with formaldehyde stress. 3N, FM-3 cultivated without formaldehyde stress.

Article Snippet: To assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 lacking the formaldehyde dissimilation pathway, we cultivated a previously developed C. glutamicum FM-1 strain ( C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Δ adhE Δ ald ), which was referred to as MX-1 in our previous study [ ], in CGXII medium supplemented with various concentrations of formaldehyde ( A).

Techniques:

Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Multi-omics analyses of evolved Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants reveal the molecular responses to formaldehyde stress

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.01.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of proteomes between FM-3 and FM-1 cultivated with formaldehyde or without formaldehyde stress. Functional classification of transcriptome differences based on KEGG_small_class annotation in 3N vs. 1N (A), 3F vs. 1F (B). Proteins with differentially expression in 1F vs. 1N (C) and 3F vs. 3N (D). Only significant changes (log 2 (fold change) ≥1 or ≤ −1, FDR≤0.05) are shown. Proteins exhibiting increased or decreased abundance are highlighted in red and blue, respectively. 1F, FM-1 cultivated with formaldehyde stress. 1N, FM-1 cultivated without formaldehyde stress. 3F, FM-3 cultivated with formaldehyde stress. 3N, FM-3 cultivated without formaldehyde stress.

Article Snippet: To assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 lacking the formaldehyde dissimilation pathway, we cultivated a previously developed C. glutamicum FM-1 strain ( C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Δ adhE Δ ald ), which was referred to as MX-1 in our previous study [ ], in CGXII medium supplemented with various concentrations of formaldehyde ( A).

Techniques: Comparison, Functional Assay, Expressing

Journal: Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology

Article Title: Multi-omics analyses of evolved Corynebacterium glutamicum mutants reveal the molecular responses to formaldehyde stress

doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2026.01.020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cgl1590 mutations on formaldehyde tolerance. (A) Amino acid sequence alignment between Cgl1590 and its derivatives. (B) Effects of cgl1590 truncation on formaldehyde tolerance. (C) Effects of cgl1590 knock-out on formaldehyde tolerance. (D) Effects of cgl1590 overexpression on formaldehyde tolerance. Cells were treated with 0.8 mM formaldehyde as stress condition. Values and error bars reflect the mean ± s.d. of three biological replicates (N = 3). Analysis of cell length and morphology of FM-1 without formaldehyde stress (E), FM-1 containing cgl1590 750insG mutation without formaldehyde stress (F), FM-1 with formaldehyde stress (G), and FM-1 strain containing cgl1590 750insG mutation with formaldehyde stress (H). All strains were grown in CGXII minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose, with or without 0.8 mM formaldehyde, and examined by SEM. Cell length was determined by measuring 70 cells of each strain and analyzed using ImageJ software. Statistical significance at 36 h between FM-1-△ cgl1590 and FM-1 was determined by two-tailed Student's t -test: ∗∗∗P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To assess the toxicity of formaldehyde in C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 lacking the formaldehyde dissimilation pathway, we cultivated a previously developed C. glutamicum FM-1 strain ( C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 Δ adhE Δ ald ), which was referred to as MX-1 in our previous study [ ], in CGXII medium supplemented with various concentrations of formaldehyde ( A).

Techniques: Sequencing, Knock-Out, Over Expression, Mutagenesis, Software, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Military Medical Research

Article Title: USP18 exacerbates myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting Parkin mitophagy through the deubiquitinase PTEN-L

doi: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100004

Figure Lengend Snippet: USP18 aggravates cardiac I/R injury through regulation of mitochondria and inhibition of mitophagy. a Electron microscopy image showing mitophagy in USP18-cKO mouse hearts ( n= 5). Scale bar=3 μm. White arrowheads indicate sites of mitophagy. b Protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, ubiquitinated proteins (Ub), P62, and LC3II in mitochondria from heart tissue in USP18-cKO and WT mice 24 h after I/R injury ( n =4). c Electron microscopy image showing mitophagy in USP18-overexpres (OV) mouse hearts ( n =5). Scale bar=3 μm. White arrowheads indicate sites of mitophagy. d Protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, Ub, P62, and LC3II proteins in mitochondria from the heart tissue of USP18-OV mice 24 h after I/R injury ( n =4). Color shift in mitophagy dye (red) and lysosomal dye (green) in NRVMs showing mitophagy in NRVMs with USP18 siRNA transfection ( e ) or Ad-USP18 infection ( f ) and the quantitative mitophagy index in each group ( n= 5). Scale bar=9 μm. Protein levels of PINK1, Parkin, Ub, P62, and LC3II in mitochondria from NRVMs transfected with USP18 siRNA ( g ) or infected with Ad-USP18 ( h ). ⁎⁎ P <0.01, ⁎⁎⁎ P <0.001 ⁎⁎⁎⁎ P <0.0001. USP18. Ubiquitin-specific protease 18; I/R. Ischemia/reperfusion; WT. Wild-type; KO. Knockout; P62. Sequestosome 1; LC3. Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; VDAC. Voltage-dependent anion channel.

Article Snippet: To block mitophagy, the selective dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) inhibitor Mdivi-1 was used (50 μmol/L, MedChemExpress, USA).

Techniques: Inhibition, Electron Microscopy, Transfection, Infection, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Knock-Out

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Mechanically sensitized hydrogel microspheres trigger membrane receptor switch for cartilage repair

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.03.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: OBNC microspheres activate integrin receptors and mechanosensitive calcium channels. A) Mechanistic diagram of integrin activation verified using fluorophores. B-C) Fluorescence microscopy images of MSCs loaded on HAMA or OBNC hydrogel. D) Fluorescence intensity of single cell in each group was quantified. E) Fluorescence microscopy of MSCs loaded on OBNC hydrogel after different treatments. F) Fluorescence intensity in the whole field of view for each group. G) Fluorescence intensity in the single cell for each group. H) Schematic representation of patch clamp experiments. I) Electrical signals generated by MSCs in response to mechanical stimulation. J) Statistical analysis of poking currents (n = 6). K) The concentration of calcium ions in stem cells of different groups as detected by flow cytometry (siRNA1: targeting the TRPM4 gene, siRNA2: targeting the PIEZO1 gene). L) Quantitative analysis of flow cytometric results (∗ symbol represents comparison with HAMA group, # symbol represents comparison with OBNC group). (ns: non-significant, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01, ∗∗∗ P < 0.001, ## P < 0.01, ### P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: TRPC1 inhibitor (0.3 nM, Pico145, CAS No. 1628287-16-0), TRPM7 inhibitor (1.0 μM, VPC4, CAS No. 945604-76-2), TRPV2 inhibitor (5.0 μM, compound IV2-1, CAS No. 2242724-49-6), TRPM4 inhibitor (1.5 μM, CBA, CAS No. 351424-20-9), PIEZO1 inhibitor (2.5 μM, GsMTx4, CAS No. 1209500-46-8), integrin αvβ5 inhibitor (8.0 nM, Compound 12, CAS No.: 2615912-33-7), integrin αvβ1 inhibitor (0.3 nM, Compound C8, CAS No. 1689540-62-2), integrin α5β1 inhibitor (10 μM, ATN-161, 904763-27-5), and CDK5 inhibitor (5 nM, CDK5-IN-1, 2,639,540-19-3) were purchased from MCE Biotechnology Co., LTD. After the MSCs were treated, the cRGD solution was added at a concentration of 1:200 and incubated in the dark for 15 min, and the results were observed by fluorescence microscopy.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Single Cell, Patch Clamp, Generated, Concentration Assay, Flow Cytometry, Comparison